Organization behavoir Essay

Question No. 1 Does this case prove economic downturns and company layoffs fail to lead to workplace malfeasance? Why or why not? Answer: The case proves that economic downturns and company layoffs does not lead to workplace malfeasance. As the print media shows that violence has increased during recession. The Times of London reported that U.S. job losses were directly linked to 58 fatalities in eight incidents during one month in 2009. It was a single case and there may be other causes of this incident. Another example mentioned in the case is the survey from 400 employees asked in 2008 whether the recession has caused a recent rise in thefts of money among employees, 18 percent said yes, 41 percent said no and 41 percent were unsure. It shows a very little minority consider that theft is up. Question No. 2 Does the case prove we can learn nothing from the business press? Answer: No, the case does not prove that we can learn nothing from the business press. We can learn about the current issues from the business press but we have to analyze the situation carefully. We read different articles, but we do not confirm it either this information is accurate or not. This may be true but sometime not, we should focus on the source of this information which is most important thing. There would be many chance of manipulate the data to give some kind of favor to someone. We can learn so many things from the business press, it’s always valuable for us but we should need to focus on the source and ethnicity of data to spread it out to others. Question No. 3 Does this chapter provide any clues for how you can be an informed consumer of business news on OB issues? Answer Yes, this chapter gives a many type of clues first the systematic study, which means to make reasonably accurate predictions. When we talk about the systematic system, we mean looking at relationships, attempting to attribute cause and†¦

Heavenly Creatures Film Analysis Essay

Heavenly Creatures is based on a true story about two teenage girls who murder one of their mothers in Christchurch, New Zealand. The film, directed by Sir Peter Jackson, uses many techniques in the opening scene to efficiently show how vital this scene is to the film. These techniques include a documentary clip, costume, cinematography and sound. In the beginning of the opening scene, a documentary clip is used to introduce us to the town of Christchurch, New Zealand. The director uses this to show us how seemingly perfect the town of Christchurch was. In the clip it includes appealing imagery of flowers, gardens, lakes and schools. Accompanied with joyful music, Christchurch is presented to be the idyllic town. Described as a â€Å"quiet haven,† the audience become aware of how unlikely and implausible it would have been at the time for two teenage girls to commit a brutal murder against one of their mothers. The clip is used to create juxtaposition and shock the audience and to illustrate how alarming it would have been in the 1950’s for a murder of this nature to have occurred. Jackson wanted us to see the situation through the eyes of the people of Christchurch in the 1950’s – it would have been completely out of character for their town, causing quite a scandal. Therefore the media, at the time, would have had a field day. The media were quick to accuse the girls of being â€Å"lesbian school girl killers,† the girls became far more outcast than they already were. They were essentially the villains of the town. Jackson said up until the murder, he had tried to portray the girls from a sympathetic point of view. They were misunderstood creatures, exiled from their peers. The cinematography is used very effectively in the opening scene of â€Å"Heavenly Creatures.† An example of cinematography in the scene is when we see shots of the girls’ legs running up a path. They are covered in blood and screaming. This is paralleled with another shot of the girls’ legs, but this time they are running towards Juliet’s parents, on a boat. The next shot shows the girls both yelling â€Å"Mummy† as they get closer to Juliet’s mother. These shots show the girls are running from reality to fantasy. The fantasy scene where they are running towards Juliet’s mother shows that the girls desired to be sisters. Pauline would have done anything to be a part of the Hulme family, including killing her own mother. The  director wanted the audience to see how much of an intense relationship Juliet Hulme and Pauline Parker had- they killed someone in an attempt to stay together. The black and white colouring on the boat scene represents the girls’ fantasy, and how it was not real. The director also uses establishing shots to introduce us to the two main characters. We see Pauline exit from a shed-like house and jump down from over a fence. Her hair is unkempt, and she seems to be unhappy. Later in the scene when Pauline has arrived at school, there is a tracking shot of her walking down a school corridor. She seems awkward, and as she walks past her school peers she seems outcast. When people greet her, she would half-heartedly reply. The director wants us to see that Pauline does not come from a rich family, and to show she is quite different than the rest of her peers. Juliet, however, is first introduced with a shot of her travelling in a flash car, and later an establishing shot of her with her perfectly tidy hair and uniform as she is being introduced to the French class. The director shows that she comes from a wealthy and respectable background. When Juliet outsmarts the French teacher and is not afraid to speak up for herself, the audience is shown that Juliet, as well as Pauline, stands out from the rest of the class. The girls together were outsiders, and became fast friends because of this. Costume is also used skilfully in â€Å"Heavenly Creatures.† In the majority of the opening scene we see the girls, Pauline and Juliet, dressed in their identical school uniforms. As the school gathers for their morning assembly, they sing school hymns. High angle shots show all the girls in their identical uniforms and haircuts. The director wants us to realise that in a girl’s school in the 1950s, individuality was not widely accepted. The girls were expected to be well behaved, polite and obliging. Every girl is the scene is singing and looking relatively happy – except for Pauline. Though she is dressed correctly from top to toe in he r black leather shoes and white socks, her blue school-girl uniform dress and her short hair, Pauline stands out from the crowd. She is not singing the hymn and looks bored and sullen. Her hair is also far more dark and unruly than the rest of the girls around her. The director wants to show that Pauline is not just the average school girl, and she detests being in unison with everyone else, as she desires to be unique. Pauline and Juliet both had the desire to be unique, to stand out from the crowd with their own ideas and  own opinions, but that was not socially acceptable in their society or school. People, including the girls’ own family looked down on them for creating their fantasies and imaginary worlds. They did not fit in with their society in the 1950s. Expertly crafted in the â€Å"Heavenly Creatures† opening scene is the soundtrack. During the documentary clip, the music playing is cheerful and happy. This is because the clip is showing Christchurch to be a beautiful and harmonious place. The music helps to create the illusion that everything in the world of Christchurch is perfect. But as the scene transitions from the documentary clip to the actual story line, the music becomes dark and almost menacing. The director uses this to show that Christchurch is hiding a daunting side to it; this side involves deluded and murderous young girls. The music also creates tension which could be linked to how the outside world of Christchurch at the time were feeling – the shock of the murder case was startling, and the audience lives this too, through use of music. The director also wants to see past what Christchurch looks like on the outside, and realise that underneath, the town has damaged and scared parts, just as every other town does. The town of Christchurch has both good and bad people who do good and bad things. The harmonious music and the dark music is a way of symbolising the town and the people who live in it.

Explain the history of voting rights. How were blacks discriminated Essay

Explain the history of voting rights. How were blacks discriminated against what where some of the methods used to obstruct them from voting - Essay Example The 14th Amendment saw citizenship being granted to American immigrants making them equal with others. The 15th Amendment gave only adult men, both black and white, the right to vote. However, women were still restricted from voting. The same year, 1869, when the 15th Amendment was made witnessed the emergence of Black Codes which were chiefly laws that were restrictive of the freedom of African Americans (Hayduk 77). The right to vote was one of the crucial freedoms that African Americans were deprived and understanding the history of the same is critical. With women still being restricted from voting, activists on the rights of women that were to be seen in the liberation of the sex were common in the late 1880s. The Seneca Falls Convention that was held in 1848 saw activists contest for the right of women to vote (Hayduk, 47). The 19th Amendment of 1920 was a promise that was meant to see the liberation of women and their eventual right to vote. The breakthrough was witnessed in 1965 with the enactment of the federal Voting Rights Act. Here, Dr. Martin Luther King and other activists aimed at registering voters and eliminate barriers that obstructed the same. Several methods were used by Whites to prevent African Americans from voting. Literacy tests were widely used to sieve African Americans as the same group of people could not access an education. African Americans failed these tests making them ineligible to vote (Hayduk 53). The use of poll taxes was also extremely effective as Black people were slaves and had no money to pay as fees. This saw many African Americans being left out of the poll as they were with no money. Locations of polls were only known to whites as blacks were kept in the dark regarding were to cast their votes. In most cases, these polling stations were manned by armed guards and were classified making it exceedingly difficult for African Americans to access the same. Black codes also emphasized

International Legal and Ethical Issues in Business Assignment

International Legal and Ethical Issues in Business - Assignment Example (Recall.gov, 2010) The other aspect that needs highlighting is that the company must not violate the ethical and normative rules of business by pushing defective products into the market. Hence, I would stress on the damage to the company’s reputation and consequently to the bottom line apart from issues of ethics and responsibility. In case where defective products have been shipped to the customers, I would deal with care and caution as there are multiple issues involved here. First, customers have to be informed in a manner that would not alarm them and also alert them as to the steps that the company is taking to ensure the recall or replacement of defective products. At the same time, the customers should not perceive the company in a bad light and hence, the communication regarding the recall or replacement of the defective products must be done in a responsible and honest manner. Honesty is especially important as the trust that has been built up by the company must not be lost. Hence, I would assure the customers of the company’s resolve not to repeat the occurrence of defective products being sold. Further, I would invite them or the representatives of consumer watchdogs to come and visit our facilities to see for themselves the steps being taken by us to ensure that we sell only quality products . (Wired.com, 2010) The answer to this question flows from the last few sentences of the previous answer. First, I would take to task the employees responsible for the situation and ensure that key personnel who are in charge abide by the company’s directives and are committed to the vision and mission of the company. Next, I would immediately order a review of the processes and procedures and remove any bottlenecks that are holding up quality. Finally, I would direct the marketing and corporate communications departments to convey and communicate the company’s resolve not to repeat the same in a clear

Life of an American Slave in Early American History Essay

Life of an American Slave in Early American History - Essay Example Early American slaves were native Indians and a few exported from West Indies. During the later part of slavery, slaves were imported from the African continent in large numbers. The life of slaves was really pathetic. Atrocious behavior of the elite people made their life even worse. Slaves were put to work in the most heinous conditions in the plantations and domestic premises. The situation of slaves who worked in the plantations was really pitiable. They were not as educated or sophisticated as the domestic slaves. Domestic slaves were mostly women. Most of the men worked in plantations. Domestic slaves were well aware of the happenings in the whole household. They also had deep knowledge in the happenings in the political area. Majority of the slaves were concentrated in the upper south area. The native Indian slaves and the African American slaves tried to reconstruct their lost culture in America. This resulted and contributed in the development of the famous American culture that is unique with its racial diversity and ethnicity. This ethnic culture was later termed as popular culture. Slangs were introduced to the language and literature by the African slaves and their descendants. This enriched the literature and gave it a fresh outlook with more depth and broadness. Music was the passion of American slaves and they saw music as a source of entertainment and relaxation. Besides, they perceived music as a means of an outcry of the hurt feelings. Jazz music was introduced into the field of music by the slaves. Thus, the contribution made by the slaves to augment the modern American culture was enormous. The contribution of American leaders to develop and unify a culture that enjoyed wide diversity in religion and ethnicity is praiseworthy. Along with the struggle for freedom and emancipation of slavery movement, the American leaders also succeeded in building up a nation with multitude races that were unified and distinct from the rest of the world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Eve Kornfeld through the book, â€Å"Creating an American Culture† (Kornfeld par. 1) tries to expose the efforts made by the eminent leaders like Noah Webster, Benjamin Rush, Judith Sargent Murray, David Ramsay, Mercy Otis Warren and other intellectuals to develop an inimitable national literature that integrated a nation and reconstructed the concept of an exclusive nationhood. Most Americans have a static vision of slavery that existed in America. When we talk about slavery, the

Process of the supreme court Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Process of the supreme court - Essay Example This also gives room for the consideration of various shades of opinions based on individual interpretation of the law. Since verdicts must also adhere to the 200 year old United States constitution, this enhances the dispensation of justice to all citizens. The amendments to the constitution for example, in what is referred to as the second bill of rights have assured all citizens of equal rights, making the document very useful in the operations and decisions of the Supreme Court. All the same there are weaknesses in the Supreme Court process. The workload is immense, considering that each Justice is responsible for verification whether appeals, which come from all over the United States qualify for consideration. Though each Justice is assigned a small staff, they are responsible for each appeal or case. The process is long and complicated and the ramification of this is that it will implicate denying justice to those affected due to the long procedures involved in declaring the verdict. Decisions reached by the Justices are also binding and open to scrutiny and, some people may feel that some decisions made were incorrect since they were made by only a few

Financial Services Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Financial Services - Essay Example The paper tells that economic activities, financial services, and banking have experienced quite a few changes in the last couple of decades. As the industrial activities see an upsurge on the global scale, it requires more funds to sustain the upsurge together with enough money with the consumer, for being able to use those products and services from the industry. The institutions, in turn, are supposed to make their operations and services attractive enough for the industry and the customer. The value that is addition done by both operations management and operations strategy happens to be fundamental to any organization. The articles mentioned in the paper have one thing in common; they underline the need for effective management of financial aspects of a business. Providing services or goods are the basic forms of operational activities. All organizations try to provide a combination of products and services, using available sources with them. Opening a bank account, taking a mea l in a restaurant, visiting a hospital, buying pair shoes, ensuring a vehicle, a hotel stay etc. are all operations activities and their management is central to the successful provisioning of goods and services. Such value addition helps the banks and financial institutions help in making them friendly institutions to the customer base at large. Marketing consists of the strategies and tactics used to identify, create, and maintain satisfying relationships with customers that result in value for both the customer and the marketer. Relationship management, the very basis of running financial services, asks for earning the loyalty of customer. This in turn calls for keeping the workforce motivated enough, while extending valuable services to the customers. The global economy has made it almost mandatory for retail stores, banks, financial institutions etc. that an effective strategy is adopted for managing the workforce and the diversity at the organisation so that everybody is able to enjoy a better working environment and the customer too feels valued. This helps the company in taking on the competitors with fullest potential. The bank (or any company for that matter) can acquire competitive advantage on its rivals on account of marketing efforts, brand building, value creation, innovation, supply chain management, operational efficiencies etc. But more important is to sustain the advantage. The value configuration helps in sustaining the advantage. It describes how value is created in a company for its customers, how the most important business processes function to create value for customers and the way a particular company/ organization conducts its business. In this study

NY Times Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

NY Times - Case Study Example The New York Times suffered a 3% decline in the total revenues. This was attributed to the evolving nature of journalism into new media and the uneven economic conditions that prevail all over the world (The New York Time Company, 2012). The share prices of the company has also fallen down 23% during the last three months and closed at $6.20 on April 16, 2012 (Science, 2012). This is attributed to the fact that advertising revenues have plummeted along with the readership of print based newspapers (Kirchhoff, 2010). The New York Times faces a wide range of competitors from different fronts. In the case of print publications, NY Times and The Globe face competition from The Wall Street Journal, USA Today, The Economist, and The Financial Times. On the online front, the company faces competition from Google News, Yahoo! News, CNN.com, MSNBC.com, Guardian.co.uk, bbc.co.uk, CNet, iVillage and countless others. Recently New York Times, in order to face this challenge has come up with a strategy whereby they intend to diversify their revenues into the digital medium and gaining cost efficiency in all areas. In the print medium, New York Times has cut down the paper size by reducing the width of the paper by 1.5 inches (Press Gazette, 2007). The strategy is also focused on using the strong brand appeal of the company to increase circulation reviews. The last dimension of the strategy is to manage the asset portfolio in such a way that it assists the core operations of the company and also ensures a strong digital presence (The New York Times Company, 2012b). Understanding the changing media and journalism landscape, New York Times Company went through a variety of changes. They limited their online article access to twenty articles per month for normal users and provided unlimited access to digital and print subscribers only. In order to keep the brand recognizable within the web, the company

Discipline-- whether college education is important for future life or Annotated Bibliography

Discipline-- whether college education is important for future life or not - Annotated Bibliography Example The system of mechanization is in fact changing the tectonic sects of education particularly in college and also bringing various changes in thinking and interpretation of issues, which is completely different than the previous times. Clare, S. (2013) University Libraries are Shaping the Future of Learning and Research, The Guardian,retrieved on January 23, 2014 from http://www.theguardian.com/higher-education-network/blog/2013/aug/06/university-libraries-learning-shapes-design In this piece of writing, Clare has hinted at the moribund state of libraries in various universities. According to Diane Job, the Director of Library Services, a library is one of the most important places of growth and progress as far as an educational institution is concerned. As a matter of fact, it is a place of discussion and exchange of culture and religion and a hub in which some of the most significant ideas come up for the first time that goes on to become history later. Thus, it can be said that a college is not only a place for attaining higher education, but an institution that shapes the future life of an individual to a great extent. However, such ideals are on the verge of death and the feeling of being together in an educational institution has become nonexistent. Nevertheless, the hope for better never dies and the old tradition certainly prepare the students for a better life. The authors Clawson and Page certify that higher education is important for individual achievements and also to ensure economic development of a nation. However higher education in USA is undergoing a period of crisis while public funding is falling freely, tuition fees have increased drastically and hence colleges and universities are less inaccessible. The book anlayzes the crisis in higher education and describes the manner in which a strong neo-liberal

Writing a Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Writing a Critique - Essay Example One side of the argument could be weighted well by the way that it is accepted by some individuals that the preachers dont accompany a message of affection or peace, as Jesus taught. They stop themselves in one of the busiest zones of the campus and report as loud as possible that we are all going to hellfire. Despite the fact that the way of the preachers presentation is hostile to numerous and reasons solid reactions, the opportunity of expressing ones interests and beliefs in this nation requires that the speech is protected and well thought on. Numerous students have said they dont feel just as the preachers are expressly badgering or verbally taunting them with their words, while the others say they do. It is likewise genuine that universities are intended to be gateways of differences and to incite thought amongst the growing generations. Campuses are a few students first presentation to the varying perspectives on the planet. It is truly odd that a few Christians want to take after the model of the preacher instead of that of Jesus Christ. They censure sins and caution the students of the advancing judgment while Jesus Christ recuperated individuals, sustained individuals’ nourishment, and taught about Gods love and forgiveness to individuals. (Ruckman) In contrary to the above mentioned points, it can be clearly stated that each individual needs to be tested to consider what the explanation behind our presence on earth is. Forever hangs in a critical position for each individual conceived. Trust and consolation must be advertised. A genuine campus preacher will take a gander at each individual they experience and see a potential zone of service where they have the chance of bringing salvation and trust. They state that it is their obligation and responsibility to preach outside on school grounds in the event that they genuinely aim at focusing

The Father She Needed Essay Example for Free

The Father She Needed Essay Over time, her relationship with her stepfather strengthens, which in turn gives her the encouragement that she wanted, and the true father figure that she desperately needed. When Stephanie sees a shot-put match take place that her newest stepfather takes her too, she immediately falls in love. She begins to strengthen herself so much that it begins to bother her mother Helen. She is completely against Stephanie’s sport and constantly puts her down. There are many instances in which Helen opposes Stephanie’s steadfastness toward shot-put. As a former Avon consultant, her mother’s view of beauty greatly differs from Stephanie’s. Helen sees beauty as more of an outer aspect rather than inner and this the first step toward extreme conflict with Stephanie. Secondly, Helen simply speaks her opinion on the matter by telling her husband, â€Å"I have to sit alone and watch my daughter, by beautiful Stephanie, do dynamic tension to her neck and arms. Every morning while she chews her toast I look to see if facial hair has started to grow† (Apple, 132). Throughout Max Apple’s â€Å"Stepdaughters,† her mother Helen is antagonizing Stephanie for pursuing a career in shot-put and it’s because of this that her relationship with her new stepfather blossoms. Stephanie has never really developed a relationship with any of her previous fathers. She begins to develop a relationship with her new stepfather when he takes an interest in her life and introduces her to shot-put. There are many instances in the story where her father openly supports her shot-putting. First of all, he ants to develop a real lasting relationship with Stephanie and Helen, and because he openly supports Stephanie, she begins to trust him and consider him a true father figure. One instance of this is that at the beginning of â€Å"Stepdaughters,† he gives her a poster of the band Genesis in hopes that â€Å"it would signify a beginning for the three of us† (Apple, 129). Secondly, he is so steadfast in supporting her dream that at the end of the story he explains â€Å"[Stephanie] has a lot to throw away, this stepdaughter of mine; in eight-pound chunks she might be able to manage it, maybe all the way to the Olympics† (Apple, 135). In the end he supports her and he always will. Despite the confrontation between Stephanie and her mother, he is always there to back her up as she pursues her dream. This was the perfect time when Stephanie needed a father figure; not just to provide for her, but to love, care, and support her in whatever she does. If Stephanie were to start up shot-put, when her mother was single, her dream might have been abruptly ended by her mother opposition to it. Stephanie’s new stepfather was the person to introduce to her a sport that she loves and become the father that she never had. In the sum of it all Stephanie is at a povital point in her life, and her mother may oppose her dream for a long time. But because her new father that she is just getting to know supports her, she may have it a little easier through her new few years than they would be without him. Stephanie tells her father near the end of the story, â€Å"You can pack up whatever you want. You don’t have to put up with us. You must know by now that this not is going to stop. I’m going to give it everything I’ve got for the next three years and you can bet that Mom’s going to fight me every inch. Life around this house is not going to be a picnic† (Apple, 134). Stephanie has seen so many stepfathers come and go that she’s basically saying that she wouldn’t be surprised if he left her too. As he has proved throughout the story, he not going anywhere. He is there to stay because he cares for her and he cares for her mom. She is working steadfastly toward a goal and her father will stand by her side every step of the way. Works Cited Apple, Max. â€Å"Stepdaughters. † The Norton Introduction to Literature. Alsion Booth and Kelly J. Mays. 10th ed. NY: WW Norton, 2010. 129-135. Print. Outline Thesis: In Max Apple’s â€Å"Stepdaughters,† Stephanie, despite constant criticism from her mother Helen, pushes herself to perfect her trade to the best of her ability with her stepfather. Over time, her relationship with her stepfather strengthens, which in turn gives her the encouragement that she wanted, and the true father figure that she desperately needed. Body Paragraph I. Stephanie’s begins to clash with her mother because Helen’s view of beauty greatly differs from Stephanie’s. When Stephanie, starting shot-put, her mother Helen became very critical and annoyed. Her relationship with her father helps her deal with this. A. Helen used to work as an Avon consultant and her view of beauty greatly differs from the narrator’s and Stephanie’s. (Page 132, Paragraph 60) B. Helen disapproves of Stephanie’s love of shot-put. (Page 132, Paragraph 59) C. Helen is also very critical about Stephanie’s choice. (Page 132, Paragraphs 76, 77) Body Paragraph II. Stephanie has never really developed a relationship with any of her previous fathers. She begins to develop a relationship with her new stepfather when he takes an interest in her life and introduces her to shot-put. A. Stephanie’s new father has a desire to make lasting relationships with her and her mother. (Page 129, Paragraphs 11-15) B. Stephanie is introduced to shot-put by her stepdad. (Page 130, Paragraph 15 C. Stephanie’s relationship with her stepdad begins to blossom when he takes a real interest in her life and her activities. The conflict with her mother helps to strengthen the bond between her and her stepdad, because he supports her, when her mother does not. (Page 134, Paragraph 89; Page 135, Paragraph 92) Conclusion

My Personal Faith Essay Example for Free

My Personal Faith Essay My personal faith and beliefs contribute to every aspect of my life. I come from a Christian family and a congregation of baptized believers in the Lord Jesus Christ. My parents have always given me unconditional love and dedication, while teaching me healthy boundaries pertaining to life. Such as always putting the Lord first, being more concerned about the pain of consequences for irresponsibility, the rights and wrongs of my behavior, and what pain any of my actions may cause for others and God. My faith has enabled me to handle life challenges from my past and present. Some of these challenges have been series of events that I could hardly believe were happening, while others came with great joy. At five years old, my younger brother, Chandler, died unexpectedly. This was a tough challenge for my whole family to face. This challenge could have easily torn my family apart but together, as a team with God, we worked hard at picking up the pieces and moving forward even when there were days that seemed to be impossible. In the fifth grade, I was diagnosed with a common learning disability known as Attention Deficit Disorder. I am faced with this challenge on a daily basis. I have learned to cope with this disorder over the years by making prayer and patience priorities in helping me conquer this challenge. This challenge was especially difficult during my SAT and ACT tests. Certain scores on these tests were required to get into college and play NCAA football. The stress and pressure of taking these tests felt unbearable at times. While studying and before and during each test, I would remind myself that, through God, all things are possible. With God by my side, I was able to achieve the scores needed to reach my college and athletic goals. Varsity football has had an enormous impact on me during high school because it taught me how dedication and determination would help me succeed in academics as well as in extracurricular activities. Being part of a team helped me develop leadership skills within myself. Each time I step on the field, I put forth an effort to play my best. For me, each game started with a prayer that God would help me make good decisions and keep me and my team safe, win or lose. I earned many Regional and State awards for my achievements in football. All District First Team Defense 2011 and All Region Second Team Defense 2011 were two of my greatest achievements. Again, through God, all things are possible. Strong faith, good character and determination to succeed and live â€Å"a life that matters† can help anyone overcome any challenging situation that they are faced with in their lifetime. They also produce hope within oneself and set the foundation for an integral person to build on their morals and values. I plan to influence others to live â€Å"a life that matters† by staying true to my faith and hope within myself and allowing patience and perseverance to always be a strong characteristic of my character. I am going into the nursing program at Shepherd University in the fall. I plan to further my education into physical therapy. After my education is finished and I enter the working world, I want my greatest accomplishments to be encountering someone daily that I can portray my faith and integrity to that will make a difference in both our lives. I want to be able to reflect back on myself as a person who lived my entire life as one that mattered regardless of what stage of life or challenge that I am faced with at that time. As Christians, we are called and obligated to serve God with our time, talents, and material possessions but we must also recognize these areas as being entrusted to us to be used for the glory of God and helping others. God wants us to seek to bring others under the sway of righteousness, truth, and brotherly love.

The Colloquy Grog Shop Marketing Essay

The Colloquy Grog Shop Marketing Essay Colloquy Grog Shop is a unique local bar/coffee/tapas house that provides a friendly, effective place where singles can meet. Colloquy Grog Shop is not your typical bar where people go to meet other singles. Colloquy Grog Shop has a  unique service called the structure conversation system that is quite effective for allowing singles to meet each other and provide them with valuable insight into the other person through reflective conversation.   The structured system provide an atmosphere that lowers inhibitions and breeds confidence allowing singles to meet other singles and gain insight into their personality by way of thoughtful discourse. Meeting people is one of the largest hurdles 25-45 year old singles face.   Colloquy Grog Shop provides this group with an effective solution to this problem.   Situation Analysis Colloquy Grog Shop has just begun business, and marketing is essential to its success and future profitability.   The bar offers a place for people  to meet  in a comfortable, person-meeting environment.   The basic market need is place where singles can meet new similar people.   Colloquy Grog Shop uses a sophisticated conversation system to enhance and facilitate singles meeting each other. Market Summary Colloquy Grog Shop possess good information about the market and knows a great deal about the common attributes of the prized and loyal customers.   Colloquy Grog Shop will leverage this information to better understand who is served, their specific needs, and how the Grog Shop can better communicate with  them. http://www.mplans.com/graphical/images/sbp_images/click_to_enlarge.gif http://www.mplans.com/coffee_bar_marketing_plan/images/30000000000000000000000000000100.jpg http://www.mplans.com/graphical/images/sbp_images/click_to_enlarge.gif Market Analysis 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Potential Customers Growth CAGR Singles 9% 210,987 229,976 250,674 273,235 297,826 9.00% Non-singles 7% 134,432 143,842 153,911 164,685 176,213 7.00% Other 0% 0 0 0 0 0 0.00% Total 8.23% 345,419 373,818 404,585 437,920 474,039 8.23% Market Needs Colloquy Grog Shop is a unique bar/coffee shop/tapas house that is organized to try to facilitate new friendships.   The Grog Shop will offer a changing menu of tapas, microbrews, and assorted coffee drinks in conjunction with a structured conversation system.   Colloquy Grog Shop seeks to fulfill the following benefits that are important to their customers. Selection:  a creative choice of food and drink and a well-constructed structured conversation system. Accessibility:  the patron will gain access to the Grog Shop with minimal waits and long business hours. Customer service:  the customer is ALWAYS right. Competitive pricing:  all products will be competitively priced relative to the competition. Market Trends The market trend is headed toward a more sophisticated customer.   The restaurant/bar patron today is more sophisticated in a number of different ways: Food quality:  the preference for higher-quality ingredients is being reinforced as customers are being subjected to an increasing number of options. Quality conversation:  patrons are recognizing intellectual conversations can be had in bar settings and would prefer this over normal bar talk. Access to meeting people:  people are tired of being single and are looking for ways to meet like-minded individuals. http://www.mplans.com/graphical/images/sbp_images/click_to_enlarge.gif http://www.mplans.com/coffee_bar_marketing_plan/images/30000000000000000000000000000210.jpg Market Growth In 1999, the global bar/restaurant   market reached $24 billion dollars.   Alcohol sales are estimated to grow by 9% for the next few years.   This growth can be attributed to several factors.   The first factor is Americans reliance on alcohol for socialization.   This factor is intuitive as alcohol breaks down social inhibitions. Another factor is the trend to eat and drink outside of the home.   This occurs as Americans work longer and longer hours during the week.   Eating and drinking out is a convenience that many are willing to pay for.   It also provides contact with more people. SWOT Analysis The following SWOT analysis captures key strengths and weaknesses within the company and describes the opportunities and threats facing the Grog Shop. Strengths Strong relationships with third party vendors. Excellent staff who are highly trained and customer attentive. The structured conversation system. Weaknesses The Grog Shops limited brand equity. The struggle to continually have current and new  conversation topics. A limited marketing budget to develop brand awareness. Opportunities A growing market with a significant percentage of the of the target market still unaware of the Grog Shop. Increasing sales opportunities as people become familiar with the advantages of the structured conversation system. The ability to lower variable costs through efficiency gains. Threats Competition from taverns. Competition from other sources of singles meeting events. A slump in the economy which will decrease discretionary spending. Competition The competition comes from several different sources. Bars There are many different types of bars or taverns.   Some are better than others for meeting people, however, none of them have the business mission to bring together singles. Coffee Shops Coffee shops are typically an easy-going social setting that does lend itself for people to meet others.   Conversations occur in part because of the historical underpinning of coffee houses, in part by virtue of the fact that the background music is not blaring. Coffee shops rarely have any type of organized activities to bring singles together. Other Events/Activities Aimed at Bringing Together Singles. One activity/phenomenon that has started in New York City and moved to a few other larger cities (not including Portland) is an activity that has a long rectangular table that always has one seat opposing the other.   People  sit down  with females on one side and males on the other (this seating arrangement is for heterosexual gatherings) and will have a limited number of minutes (usually 10) to chat. Typically, conversations can be  about anything, however you are not to reveal the job/profession that you are involved in, beyond that, anything is fair game.   The table rotates and you end up speaking with a lot of different people.   You then create a list of the top five that you would like to speak with again and if the matching person also has you on their list, phone numbers are released to the two people.   Another activity might be some sort of outdoor activity like hiking or rafting and it is organized as a singles event.   There are also other type of single s events, too numerous to mention.   Lastly, there are resources like personal sections in local papers where people can  post or respond to personal advertisements. Every person has their own method of meeting people, some  more useful than others.   Colloquy Grog Shop  predicts singles will abandon, or at least supplement, their current method of meeting people with the Grog Shops activities as they are thoughtfully designed to achieve the goal of introducing like-minded individuals.   Product Offering Colloquy Grog Shop sells the following: Eight  Microbrews on Draft and  Bottled Alcohol, specifically beer, is served for two reasons.   One, alcohol reduces inhibition, making it easier for people to meet and interact with new people.   Two, and more importantly, beer, particularly draft beer generates wonderful profits.   Microbeers are chosen because microbrews are of higher quality than large production beers and our target segment prefers higher-quality beer. Espresso, Cappuccino, Coffee, and other Coffee/Espresso drinks. Coffee and coffee-related drinks are hugely popular, particularly in the Pacific Northwest.   Northwesterners expect good coffee/espresso at most food/drink establishments and it is often associated with good conversation. An Assortment of  Tapas Tapas are chosen because they can be relatively easy to make, the offerings can be changed frequently, and tapas are  more community orientated, meaning they are designed for a table/multiple people to share.   This reinforces Colloquy Grog Shop mission of bringing new people together. The service offerings are based on a system for singles to meet new people.   This is accomplished through a structured conversation system.   The Grog Shop is divided into two sections, one smaller section of tables that is for people meeting people that they already know.   The other, larger section is the section of tables for singles to come and meet new people.   This section is composed of 4-top tables (table seating for four) where a customer will come and sit down at the table among other people.   The table will be marked with a topic of conversation in the center.   Throughout the evening as there is turnover of the table or the conversation is exhausted, the server will introduce a new topic. The topics of conversation are far reaching, some are recent news or sports, while others are intellectual, and some are philosophical.   The bulk of the topics will be of the latter varieties as people that are interested in meeting people through the conduit of convers ation will typically prefer heavier stuff to provide more insight into that person. If you ask a majority of single 25-45 year olds, most will say they have difficulty meeting new people.   Regular bars are not an ideal place to meet people because beyond their visual image, it is quite difficult to learn anything material about the person to determine if there are some commonalities. The typical bar has loud music and is not geared up for serious conversation.   Bars are also less than ideal to meet people because of the uncertainty or ambiguity when meeting new people at a bar.   Many people feel uncomfortable in situations where they are not sure how to act. The ideal situation to meet someone is during an activity that is mutually enjoyed, whether it is at an art museum or mountain biking in the Cascade Range. Colloquy Grog Shop creates a setting in a bar/coffee shop that encourages thoughtful conversation, allowing patrons to gain insight into the other singles.   The key to the conversation system is structure.   The rules are clearly established.   Singles sit down at specific tables and discuss the assigned topic of conversation.   Everyone at these tables are single and looking to meet new people.   The conversation is used to elicit insight into the other person, their values and perspectives as well as implicit and sometimes explicit insight to their background and past.   The structured conversation system is successful because it reduces ambiguity or uncertainty in the singles social scene allowing people to feel more comfortable in the setting and open up more to  new people.   Additionally, for intellectually minded people, it allows them to find people with similar interests, whether the similarity is based in the topic of conversation or more generally in conversation itself. Keys to Success Attracting customers who find value in the Grog Shops offering and who will frequent the Shop regularly in order to meet like-minded single people. Excellent customer service. Maintaining a cost of goods on foods at below 50%. Critical Issues The Grog Shop is still in the speculative stage as a retail operation.   Its critical issues are: to continue to take a moderate fiscal approach to business operations and  to build brand awareness which will drive customers to the Grog Shop. Marketing Strategy Colloquy Grog Shops strategy will be based on communicating Grog Shops value to the targeted segments.   This will be done through a variety of methods.   The first method will be strategically placed advertisements.   One place that will be  used for advertisements is the Willamette Weekly, the liberal arts magazine that details all of the entertainment in Portland.   This will be the main source of advertisements because the demographics of their readership are fairly similar to Colloquy Grog Shops demographics.   Another source of marketing will be done with strategic relationships with companies that have similar customer demographics.   One prime example is the Multnomah Athletic Club.   While the clubs patrons are not necessarily overwhelmingly single, the rest of the demographics match up.   The MAC is a fairly exclusive downtown athletic club that by virtue of the membership costs, attracts professionals.   The strategic relationship with be mutually beneficial where both organizations will develop visibility for each other.   The other form of advertising will be using grassroots methods where customers will be given coupons for their friends to try Colloquy Grog Shop for the first time.   The coupon will be an economic incentive for the newcomer to try Colloquy Grog Shop.   The coupon also has the added force of a referral from a friend. Mission Colloquy Grog Shops mission is to provide a neighborhood bar/coffee shop where single people can meet.   We exist to attract and maintain customers.   When we adhere to this maxim, everything else will fall into place.   Our services will exceed the expectations of our customers.  Ã‚   Marketing Objectives Develop brand awareness through a steady, month to month increase of new customers. Develop an increase in sales while achieving a status quo state or   decrease  in marketing expenses. Develop awareness of the structured conversation system measured by customers coming to the Grog Shop solely for meeting people. Financial Objectives A double digit growth rate for each future year. Reduce the variable costs through efficiency gains. Reach profitability within the first year. Target Markets Colloquy Grog Shops customers can be broken down into two groups, singles, and non-singles.   The non-singles groups  are smaller than the singles groups by virtue of the fact that if you are meeting someone whom you already know, the two of you can come up with the topic of conversation yourself, therefore, Grog Shop offers this group less value.   The demographics for the non-singles is similar to the singles, to be listed below.   The larger group then is the singles.   The demographics of the singles are: Single:  self evident. Professional:  this characteristic is intuitive since the  underlying element of Colloquy Grog Shop is thoughtful conversation, and most professionals  appreciate thought-provoking conversation. Income over $40,000:  this to a large degree is correlated to the fact that they are professional. Age 25-45:  the largest group of singles looking for companions. Positioning The Colloquy Grog Shop will position itself as a reasonably priced tapas/bar/coffee house that has an innovative, effective system for allowing single to meet each other. The Colloquy Grog Shops positioning will leverage their competitive edge: A  unique approach to getting singles together called the structured conversation system.   This system was detailed in the Product and Services section, please refer to that section for more  information.   This system is a competitive edge because most bars/taverns do not have a niche that they are  concentrating on.   While every bar or coffee shop has a certain flavor and that is why someone will choose one bar or another, the flavor is only surface deep.   The business model of the establishment is to sell alcohol and provide a social setting.   Beyond these two values, there is little other genuine value that the establishments try to provide.   Colloquy Grog Shop is distinguished by the fact that their business model concentrates on developing value for   customers beyond serving drinks.   The Grog Shop develops an effective, albeit inherently structured, social setting that  encourages meeting like-minded individuals.   Providing the drinks is  the source of income, an ancillary part of the business model.   Generating value for the customers is the main focus, if the customers are happy then the revenue will follow (assuming of course that proper marketing and financial controls are employed).   Concentrating on the clients needs beyond serving alcohol is the distinguishing characteristic that will allow Colloquy Grog Shop  to rapidly gain market share. Strategies The single objective is to position the Colloquy Grog Shop as the premier place for young professional singles to meet like-minded individuals.   The marketing strategy will seek to first create customer awareness regarding their services offered, develop that customer base, and work toward building customer loyalty and referrals. The message Colloquy Grog Shop will seek to communicate is that The Grog Shop is THE place to meet intelligent singles.   This message will be communicated through a variety of methods.   The first method will be advertisements.   The bulk of the advertisements will be in the Willamette Weekly, a weekly entertainment guide in Portland that has impressive readership numbers for the desired target population. Another method will be through establishing strategic relationships with companies that have similar demographics such as the Multnomah Athletic Club.   Establishing a mutually beneficial relationship will allow both organizations to develop visibility for each other. The other form of advertising will be using grassroots methods where customers will be given coupons for their friends to try Colloquy Grog Shop for the first time.   The coupon will be an economic incentive for the newcomer to try Colloquy Grog Shop.   The coupon also has the added force of a referral from a friend. Marketing Mix Colloquy Grog Shops marketing mix is comprised of these following approaches to pricing, distribution, advertising and promotion, and customer service. Pricing:  the pricing scheme is based on standard industry practices. Distribution:  all services and products will be distributed from Colloquy Grog Shops retail space. Advertising and promotion:  the most successful advertising will be with Willamette Weekly.   Additionally, strategic relationships will be developed with companies such as Multnomah Athletic Club as well as use of a grassroots promotion system. Customer service:  obsessive customer attention is the mantra.   The Grog Shops philosophy is to do whatever needs to be done to impress the customer.   While this could reduce short-term profits, it will strengthen long-term profitability. Marketing Research During the initial phases of the marketing plan development, several focus groups were held to gain insight into a variety of likely customers.   These focus groups provided useful insight into the decision making process of these consumers. An additional source of dynamic  market research  is a feedback system based on a suggestion card system.   The suggestion card  has several statements that patrons are asked to rate in terms of a given scale.   There are also several open ended questions that allow the customer to freely offer constructive criticism or praise.   The Grog Shop will work hard to implement reasonable suggestions in order to improve their service offerings as well as show their committment to the customer that their suggestions are valued. The last source of market research will be competitive analysis.   This will be done by regularly visiting competitors and analyzing their service offerings. Financials This section will offer a financial overview of the Grog Shop as it relates to the marketing activities.   The section will address break-even analysis, sales forecasts, expenses forecasts, and how those link to the marketing strategy. Break-even Analysis The Break-even Analysis indicates that $30,237 will be needed in monthly revenue to reach the break-even point. http://www.mplans.com/graphical/images/sbp_images/click_to_enlarge.gif http://www.mplans.com/coffee_bar_marketing_plan/images/30000000000000000000000000000600.jpg http://www.mplans.com/graphical/images/sbp_images/click_to_enlarge.gif Break-even Analysis Monthly Revenue Break-even $20,299 Assumptions: Average Percent Variable Cost 32% Estimated Monthly Fixed Cost $19,654 Sales Forecast The first two months will be used to set up the physical location, hire personnel,  establish vendor relationships and obtain an alcohol license.   The  third month will be the grand opening.   Business during the second month will be understandably slow as a steady customer base takes time to build.   By month four it is forecasted that sales will steadily grow.   http://www.mplans.com/graphical/images/sbp_images/click_to_enlarge.gif http://www.mplans.com/coffee_bar_marketing_plan/images/30000000000000000000000000000300.jpg http://www.mplans.com/graphical/images/sbp_images/click_to_enlarge.gif Sales Forecast 2001 2002 2003 Sales Drinks $105,921 $271,254 $296,874 Food $69,908 $179,028 $195,937 Total Sales $175,829 $450,282 $492,811 Direct Cost of Sales 2001 2002 2003 Drinks $26,480 $67,814 $74,219 Food $29,361 $75,192 $82,293 Subtotal Direct Cost of Sales $55,842 $143,005 $156,512 Expense Forecast Marketing expenses are  budgeted to remain fairly steady throughout the year.   There will be an initial ramp up  of spending  to generate visibility.   After this ramp up advertising will be fairly consistent month to month. http://www.mplans.com/graphical/images/sbp_images/click_to_enlarge.gif http://www.mplans.com/coffee_bar_marketing_plan/images/30000000000000000000000000000400.jpg http://www.mplans.com/graphical/images/sbp_images/click_to_enlarge.gif Marketing Expense Budget 2001 2002 2003 Advertising $4,800 $2,400 $2,400 Strategic relationships $2,000 $1,200 $1,200 Other $2,400 $1,200 $1,200 Total Sales and Marketing Expenses $9,200 $4,800 $4,800 Percent of Sales 5.23% 1.07% 0.97% Controls The purpose of The Grog Shops marketing plan is to serve as a guide for the organization. Implementation The following milestones identify key marketing programs.   It is important to accomplish each one on time and on budget.   http://www.mplans.com/graphical/images/sbp_images/click_to_enlarge.gif Milestones Advertising Start Date End Date Budget Manager Department Marketing plan completion 1/1/2001 2/1/2001 $0 Karen Department Advertising 1/1/2001 1/1/2004 $9,600 Karen Department Strategic relationships 1/1/2001 1/1/2004 $4,400 Karen Department Grassroots promotion 1/1/2001 1/1/2004 $4,800 Karen Department Name me 1/1/2003 1/15/2003 $0 ABC Department Name me 1/1/2003 1/15/2003 $0 ABC Department Name me 1/1/2003 1/15/2003 $0 ABC Department Name me 1/1/2003 1/15/2003 $0 ABC Department Name me 1/1/2003 1/15/2003 $0 ABC Department Other 1/1/2003 1/15/2003 $0 ABC Department Total Advertising Budget $18,800 PR Start Date End Date Budget Manager Department Name me 1/1/2006 1/15/2006 $0 ABC Department Name me 1/1/2006 1/15/2006 $0 ABC Department Name me 1/1/2006 1/15/2006 $0 ABC Department Other 1/1/2006 1/15/2006 $0 ABC Department Total PR Budget $0 Direct Marketing Start Date End Date Budget Manager Department Name me 1/1/2006 1/15/2006 $0 ABC Department Name me 1/1/2006 1/15/2006 $0 ABC Department Name me 1/1/2006 1/15/2006 $0 ABC Department Other 1/1/2006 1/15/2006 $0 ABC Department Total Direct Marketing Budget $0 Web Development Start Date End Date Budget Manager Department Name me 1/1/2006 1/15/2006 $0 ABC Department Name me 1/1/2006 1/15/2006 $0 ABC Department Name me 1/1/2006 1/15/2006 $0 ABC Department Other 1/1/2006 1/15/2006 $0 ABC Department Total Web Development Budget $0 Other Start Date End Date Budget Manager Department Name me 1/1/2006 1/15/2006 $0 ABC Department Name me 1/1/2006 1/15/2006 $0 ABC Department Name me 1/1/2006 1/15/2006 $0 ABC Department Other 1/1/2006 1/15/2006 $0 ABC Department Total Other Budget $0 Totals $18,800 Contingency Planning Difficulties and risks: Problems generating visibility and awareness of the Grog Shop. An entry into Portland of the conversation roundtables or other single meeting events. Lower than forecasted consumption of alcohol. Worst case risks may include: Determining that the business cannot support itself on an ongoing basis. Having to liquidate equipment to cover liabilities.

A Critical Evaluation of Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre Essay -- Jane Ey

A Critical Evaluation of Jane Eyre Although Jane Eyre grows and matures, Margaret McFadden-Gerber views her as a relatively emotionally stable young feminist. Through the duration of the novel, Jane demonstrates her "self-love" that is often an influential emotion leading to drastic and hasty reactions. In the very opening few chapters, Jane takes a stand for herself and presents her bruised ego, pride and maturity. Sara Reed, her aunt, dismisses her place in the family as Jane is physically and emotionally removed from her "family's" activities. Jane grows up distinguishing her personality and voicing her unbiased opinion, but in McFadden-Gerber's opinion, Jane remains the same orphaned female in constant discord with elders and supervisors. Ms. Eyre is a heroine who refuses to blend into the traditional female position of subservience and who stands up for her beliefs. In the beginning, Jane at first de...

Letters and Correspondence in Austens Emma Essay -- Jane Austen

Letters and Correspondence in Austen's Emma Emma as the next step in the epistolary novel Jane Austen’s novel Emma was written at a time when the epistolary novel had just passed its peak (Cousineau, 32). Not only do letters and correspondence feature heavily in the novel, but according to April Alliston, â€Å"elements†¦ characteristic of novels of women’s correspondence recur in Austen† (221). Some examples of these elements that Alliston provides are the existence of young marriageable heroines; deceased mothers, or threatening ones which, in Austen’s novels, have become merely negligent; and substitute mothers who pass advice on to the daughter (221). As epistolary novels were comprised entirely of letters, early novelists could assert the pretended truth of their work rather than label it as fiction (Cousineau, 28). However, one disadvantage to this practice is that artefacts such as letters are â€Å"inscribed in doubleness and contradiction" (Cousineau, 14). Letters serve as a medium between the letter-writers and the reader, a medium which has the potential to warp the truth according to the private and unknown whims of the writers. By adopting an omniscient narration of her characters’ thoughts instead, Austen â€Å"[focussed] the reader’s â€Å"gaze† on the private space from which the heroine gazes out, thus fixing her more squarely in its exemplary frame than letter fiction ever could† (Alliston, 234). Although this method of narration â€Å"sacrifices the â€Å"documentary status†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ that eighteenth century fiction strove to achieve† (Alliston, 236), Austen’s novels al low us to see directly into a character’s thoughts. This both promises a more reliable version of "truth" by enabling the reader to learn a character’s genuine motivation, an... ...aults: Correspondences in Eighteenth-Century British and French Women’s Fiction. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 1996. 219-241. Austen, Jane. Emma. New York: Oxford University Press Inc., 2003. Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Editions, 1997. Cousineau, Diane. â€Å"Letters and the Post Office: Epistolary Exchange in Jane Austen’s Emma.† Letters and Labyrinths. Cranbury, NJ: Associated University Press, 1997. 13-51. Knoepflmacher, U. C. 2. The Importance of Being Frank: Character and Letter-Writing in Emma. Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900, 1967. JSTOR 7 April 2007. Wheeler, David. The British Postal Service, Privacy, and Jane Austen’s â€Å"Emma†. South Atlantic Review, 1998. JSTOR. 7 April 2007.

government court cases :: essays research papers

Smith v. Allwright A resolution of the Democratic Party of Texas, a group that the Texas Supreme Court had deemed a "voluntary association," allowed only whites to participate in Democratic primary elections. S.S. Allwright was a county election official; he denied Lonnie E. Smith, a black man, the right to vote in the 1940 Texas Democratic primary. Question Presented Did denying blacks the right to vote in primary elections violate the Fifteenth Amendment? Conclusion The Court overruled its decision in Grovey v. Townsend (1935) and found the restrictions against blacks unconstitutional. Even though the Democratic Party was a voluntary organization, the fact that Texas statutes governed the selection of county-level party leaders, the party conducted primary elections under state statutory authority, and state courts were given exclusive original jurisdiction over contested elections, guaranteed for blacks the right to vote in primaries. Allwright engaged in state action abridging Smith's right to vote because of his race. A state cannot "permit a private organization to practice racial discrimination" in elections, argued Justice Reed. (The Court's decision in this matter was amended on June 12, 1944.) Buckley v. Valeo Facts of the Case In the wake of the Watergate affair, Congress attempted to ferret out corruption in political campaigns by restricting financial contributions to candidates. Among other things, the law set limits on the amount of money an individual could contribute to a single campaign and it required reporting of contributions above a certain threshold amount. The Federal Election Commission was created to enforce the statute Question Presented Did the limits placed on electoral expenditures by the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971, and related provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, violate the First Amendment's freedom of speech and association clauses? Conclusion In this complicated case, the Court arrived at two important conclusions. First, it held that restrictions on individual contributions to political campaigns and candidates did not violate the First Amendment since the limitations of the FECA enhance the "integrity of our system of representative democracy" by guarding against unscrupulous practices. Second, the Court found that governmental restriction of independent expenditures in campaigns, the limitation on expenditures by candidates from their own personal or family resources, and the limitation on total campaign expenditures did violate the First Amendment. Since these practices do not necessarily enhance the potential for corruption that individual contributions to candidates do, the Court found that restricting them did not serve a government interest great enough to warrant a curtailment on free speech and association.

Covert intervention as a moral problem Essay

The CIA has been greatly involved in the collection of intelligence as well as being engaged in covert action for the benefit of the United States. According to the 1991 Intelligence Authorization Act covert action is simply described as a particular â€Å"activity of the government of the United states that is meant to influence, economical, political, or military situations in the world, in that the role of the United States will not be acknowledged by many or publicly.† Under covert action, the exact intentions or the reasons behind the actions are not known by the foreign countries hence secrecy is the main component of covert actions. Covert actions and the role of the CIA Covert actions simply involves activities that include supporting political parties, covert propaganda, private groups, economic operations and even individuals through advice or subsidization with an aim of supporting or overthrowing the existing regime in a foreign country. There is a difference between covert actions and clandestine collection efforts whereby the covert actions are mainly designed for influencing conditions in foreign countries while the clandestine efforts are aimed at providing the intelligence community of the United States with information that can be used in designing the covert actions. The CIA is the body that is responsible for the purpose of obtaining intelligence and providing policymakers with relevant information for the purpose of designing covert actions on foreign countries. Apart from being the provider of the intelligence information to policymakers, the CIA is also the same body that is engaged in carrying out the covert actions as well as advising policymakers with regard to the intelligence they have gathered. The CIA as an intelligence body that is also involved in carrying out the covert action in foreign countries always strives to build and maintain its reputation both in the eyes of the United States citizens and foreign countries. To be able to maintain its reputation and put itself as an agency that is committed to serving the country and its citizens while at the same time promoting international relations, the CIA has to reach a compromise. The protecting the American citizens and the country at large as well as providing information for other foreign countries requires transparency. Under the covert actions and operations, there is a lot of secrecy and the only time information gets to reach the public is when operations have gone sour. This means that the CIA has an interest of protecting itself from critics within the public and avoids blame by the public while at the same time carrying out its operations. The CIA is also closely involved with administration officials and policymakers whereby the intelligence from the CIA is questioned and analyzed by the policymakers when making decisions. However, over the years, the CIA has been faced with the challenge of lack of commitment on the part of the policymakers to take time and read the intelligence provided by the agency. Instead, most policymakers have been keen on intelligence that is related to current risks. The unwillingness or the inability of policymakers to spend a lot of time in analyzing longer-range issues has been a source of frustration. The CIA have the duty to provide intelligence as they receive it and also take part in covert actions as they are assigned hence the need to have a balance between the two. The CIA has to ensure that it provides relevant information to policymakers because in the long run, it is the agency that is always blamed when covert actions to not go as planned. Therefore, the CIA has great interest in the intelligence and the covert actions that they take part in since the agency has to prove its worth and demonstrate that it performs its duties. Being the provider of intelligence and at the same time the user of the intelligence requires a lot of integrity to ensure that there is no biasness whereby the CIA provide information that it is aware will work in its favor. As a way of ensuring that the covert actions that the carry out and get involved in are successful to build their image in the eyes of the public, the CIA may tend to manipulate the information and intelligence they provide to policymakers. It is quite difficult to be certain with the kind of intelligence that the CIA provides to the policymakers as not being biased due to the reason that they are the same users of the information that they have gathered. The CIA as an intelligence agency and one that is held in high reputation would not want the public image that they have built get ruined by the kind of intelligence and covert actions they undertake. Therefore, based on the reason that the CIA is the provider and user of the intelligence they gather as well as the aim of protecting the agency from bad public image and reputation, it can be said that there is a conflict of interest. Furthermore, based on the issue that the intelligence the CIA gathers is provided to policy makers and in most occasions the policymakers do not take their time in reading and analyzing intelligence that is set for longer-use, the CIA has to ensure that the information they provide to the policymakers would not compromise the agency. Therefore, it can also be said that there is conflict of interest whereby the CIA, the provider and user of intelligence, has to ensure that policymakers to not make wrong decisions that will compromise the agency. The CIA also has the mandate of promoting democracy both locally and internationally but this is not the case with the intelligence gathered as well as the covert actions they undertake. There is a lot of secrecy whereby the public is left out on covert actions issues and intelligence hence it can be said that the CIA is practicing double standards. Democracy requires people to be well informed, something that is not the case with regard to the covert actions and intelligence gathered by CIA. Conclusion The CIA has greater duty of protecting the public, the United States government and its interest while at the same time maintaining a reputable public image both locally and internationally. There are times when the CIA has to provide some intelligence in certain situations while at times it has to avoid letting the public know of what is going on based on the reason that the image of the agency may be destroyed in case the covert actions do not go as planned and no positive results achieved. Therefore, the CIA, apart from being an intelligence agency that provides intelligence and gets involved in covert actions, has the duty of protecting itself from the public, both locally and internationally. This could result in biasness in the kind of intelligence that it provides to policymakers as well as how it carries out the covert actions, hence conflict of interest. References Beitz, Charles R. â€Å"Covert intervention as a moral problem.† Ethics & International Affairs 3, no. 1 (1989): 45-60. Berger III, Joseph B. â€Å"Covert Action: Title 10, Title 50, and the Chain of Command.† JFQ: Joint Force Quarterly no. 67 (2012 4th Quarter 2012): 32-39. By Bill Gertz, The Washington Times. â€Å"Military, CIA shun 9/11 panel on covert operations.† Washington Times, The (DC) (September 9, 2011): 1. Regional Business News Jeffreys-Jones, Rhodri. â€Å"Covert Action in the Cold War: US Policy, Intelligence, and CIA Operations.† Journal of American History 97, no. 4 (2011): 1173-1174. Little, Douglas. â€Å"Mission Impossible: The CIA and the Cult of Covert Action in the Middle East.† Diplomatic History 28, no. 5 (November 2004): 663-701 Meyer, Joel T. â€Å"Supervising The Pentagon: Covert Action And Traditional Military Activities In The War On Terror.† Administrative Law Review 59, no. 2 (Spring2007 2007): 463-478. Prouty, L. Fletcher. The secret team: the CIA and its allies in control of the United States and the world. Skyhorse Publishing Inc., 2011. Source document

Custom Fabricators Case Solution

I. hassle How keister Custom Fabricators, Inc. (CFI) prevent a possible logical argument sateover of the Mexican suppliers and at the same clipping, ensure semipermanent makeability? II. Assumptions 1. The case is set on the current year. 2. The Mexican suppliers entrust pull in the bid and yieldion ride out exit to Mexico. 3. In case CFI would switch to pack together manufacturing, the contracted volume of unit of measurements that they will obtain is within the range of their return chthonic pitch manufacturing. 4. siege of siege of siege of Orleans would shoulder the exist of shipping intersections from Mexico to CFI only. III.Alternatives establish on the opportunities of CFI, the aggroup has identified three preferences for the phoner to weapon a. Work closely with Mexican suppliers This involves presidential term of effective communication lines (e. g. through Internet, image conferencing), assigning a representative to admonisher tonus of products to be shipped, displace prize tone down machines to Mexico or asking Orleans to require the Mexican suppliers to conduct select check before shipment. b. Differentiate product and/or expand commercialise This involves growth more advanced products (e. . touch-screen elevator control panels) or expanding its target trade (e. g. preferably of dear supplying control panels for elevators it can in any case create ones for ATMs, safety vaults etc. ) c. Switch to contract manufacturing This nitty-gritty or else of producing outputs only when Orleans unavoid adequatenesss it, CFI would immediately have a fit(p) intersection per month that they would need to deliver. IV. Analysis First, let us identify the major ejects in the case. Currently, CFI has several strengths that dish out them establish a competitive advantage.First is the gilds proximity to the construction site and to the Bedford bring which serves as its supplier as it was commensurate to keep the transporta tion cost minimal. some new(prenominal) one is its customer intimacy. Beca phthisis CFI knows exactly what Orleans needs and when to provide it, it is up to(p) to bring home the bacon to their customers brings in time with skinny attri alonee products. Having been in the line of merchandise for over 15 years, CFI was alike suitable to set up efficient trading operations which helped them on becoming a lean manufacturer. It too has loyal and skilled employees that argon satisfied in their job.Lastly, its business has also been profitable with a last profit margin of almost 30%. However, the company also has several weaknesses that we must take into consideration. First, CFI is a private company which means it has limited financing options and relies heavily on its revenues as generated by its operations. Also, because it wants to maintain its good relationship with its employees it could not reduce excavate cost. Because of Orleans change magnitude efforts to reduce be , the company faces the threat of having the production of raw materials locomote to Mexico because of the cheaper proletariat costs there.If that would happen (and this make-up assumes that it will), CFI king have problems with shipping backbone items that are not of par quality in addition to possible problems in communication. Moreover, there is also the threat of competitor as Orleans might life for new(prenominal) suppliers in Mexico to continue to commence costs and since CFI couldnt humble its costs anymore, Orleans might just character totally from Mexico. Now, let us crumple each of the ersatzs. The first one is to melt closely with its Mexican suppliers.Through this, CFI will be able to ensure the quality and secure shipment of units to their company. It would also lessen chances of error in production and economy and decrease waiting costs for the unit replacements. However, there is the uncertainty of soliciting cooperation from the Mexican suppliers and sending a representative or a quality control machine in Mexico is dear(p). Moreover, the Mexican suppliers might gain intimacy of CFIs efficient production march which ontogenys the risk of business putsch.If CFI will break its product, it would be able to lessen its habituation on Orleans as it would be able to get more customers and thereof generate more income. Also, there is a lesser risk of business takeover as their product will increase competitive advantage as it was able to provide more value for a small additional cost. This can also be related to the alternative of foodstuff expansion as its differentiated product could open new market opportunities for them. However, it should also be considered that this alternative requires more enthronization in R&D and different equipment.Also there are risks of market failure and having problems in meeting learn due to its limited capacity. Lastly, we have the alternative of switching from lean manufacturing to contract manufacturing. This would help CFI develop economies of scale and receive fixed income or stable inflow of revenues. Because of this, it will be able to better apportion its resources and might even reduce labor costs as it would generally need less lapers. CFI can also use its excess capacity to cater to other customers or work on other products.However, this can also be a factor against them because Orleans might be reluctant to have it as a contract manufacturer thus increasing the risk of CFI being replaced by a Mexican supplier. In addition to that, this alternative also comes with termination costs and decrease in competitive advantage. V. Plan of meet After analyzing the position and the possible alternatives of CFI, we created an put to death plan that takes into consideration the long-run costs and benefits of each option and its technical, operational and scotch feasibility given the current capacity, resources, and opportunities of the company.Based on the analysis, CFI could undertake several alternatives but each should be implemented at the right time. Here is the proposed action and chance plans for the company Short-term (1-2 years) Assuming that the production of raw materials will move to Mexico, the scoop up immediate action that CFI could undertake is to work closely with the Mexican suppliers. The company might not be able to lower its costs anymore but they could lock up ensure that the products that they create are nonoperational of good quality and are able to meet the demand.Moreover, we make up ones mind that it is unlikely for Orleans to eliminate CFI in the supply concatenation as it would be more costly for them to look for new Mexican suppliers considering that they already established a good business relationship and developed the efficiency caused by over 15 years of functional together. Long-term (More than 2 years) To address the issue of ensuring long-run profitability knowing that CFI couldnt compete with Mexican suppliers in name of cost, it can try to differentiate its products to nurture its competitive advantage.Since the company has a high profit margin and loyal workers that adopt when there is only a demand for it, it could use these as additional investing in R&D and be used to cater to other consumer demands. Because of this, it would be impractical for Orleans to eliminate CFI in the supply chain as they would get more value from it that they couldnt just get anywhere easily. Moreover, CFI could also see get an opportunity to expand its market for its unique selling proposition thusly increasing its profitability.

Company/ individual report on roles and responsibilities Essay

A leader is.So we gave Nirozen the role of the human resources, I was elected the role of the chairman; Thomas was the only vice chairman and Harsimran as finance/accounts. The role of the marketing was given to Eugene.Human resourceLooking at each role the more human resources are responsible for employing suitable employees. Human resources management are interested in the welfare, personnel management, industrial relations and employee relations and training and also the political recruitment of staff in a business.Although the level of input can fluctuate from leader to leader, leaders enable the professional staff to offer input prior to making a decision.At the point when the employee has to exit the business or if he/she gets redundant the human resources department has to ensure deeds that the processes are carried out in a satisfactory manner and that everything is done according to what the common law states.Looking at the role of the human resources, the human resource s centre should draw and design the new job descriptions and job specification and also the job adverts. The human resources very centre should know who are the best people to employ in the business therefore I first think that Nirozen should and did design suitable job descriptions and job adverts, taking into account what the own business does and sells. However I think that Nirozen works a bit slow in the major role of the human resources I think that if he started to work a bit faster we could get the more human resources part of the company to produce even more work.

Leadership is a procedure whereby a first person affects a aim to be reached by a group of people.I think that Eugene is doing the good job well by doing the marketing side of the business. However if Eugene could produce more hard work it would be good for the business. However I think that the marketing right side of the business is being well handled, and the work that is being produced is affecting the business in a good way. Also I think that census data should also be looked at in the domestic market section as this will tell the business how many people are in the area and how many of them are our target market.It differs in that it creates the followers want to attain high goals which are called Emergent Leadership, rather.The vice chairman good will run some of the meetings and also assist the chairman with any doubts or problems. try This will take some of the burden of my shoulder.ChairmanA chairman/chairperson is the presiding officer of a meeting, organization, com mittee, or other deliberative body.Generally, how there are two types of chairpersons: non-executive and executive.

Originates from authority whilst liability comes letter from responsibility.As I am the chairman, I have to organise and run the meetings. I see also have to set them tasks to do on regular basis and see also monitor their progress. I also have to help them when getting there are in need of assistance.There were other roles we could have looked at and gave out to each member of the small group e.Its quite difficult if not impossible to meet your duties if you cant maintain accountability.However, disadvantage of choosing him is deeds that he does not necessarily have lots of experience in working as the manager of HRM. Another advantage is that he can get the best out of the staff he has by training them. Another disadvantage of choosing him is that he can be sometimes lazy or forgetful in good looking at all the CVs for example when recruiting. Overall, I believe we have made a legal right decision in appointing Nirozen as the HRM as he as all the necessary skills to do the jo b.

Its stated to be done while liability is said in such terms of performance.Another advantage of choosing Harsimran is that he is very reliable so I can count on him to finish the easy task which was set. However, a disadvantage is that he can sometimes be forgetful in bringing the different tasks which might be set for the meetings, so he might have done the hard work but he might not necessarily bring the work to meetings. Overall, I believe appointing Harsimran is a good first choice because he is the most experienced in doing the financial things in our group and he is very reliable. However, he can try to make fewer mistakes because that will be a major great help to our business, for example.Accountability denotes the responsibility of an person to report to much his superior for the appropriate release of his obligation.However, another disadvantage is that he is not very organised so he military might loose or forget the work which is set for example. Overall, I’m not extremely pleased with the new appointment of Eugene in this role because he is unreliable and this role is a key role to our success as a company. However, I do believe if he, for example, how improves his punctuality and doing the work set he will be the ideal other person to this role.Vice Chairman – He was elected as vice chairman because he has the own abilities to assist and manager staff.

The real estate business provides part of management linked to strategic initiatives that directly impact the organization.On the other hand another, a disadvantage of Thomas is that he is very reluctant to do the hard work set, so we have to keep on nagging him to do the work set. Overall, I am satisfied with the chose of Thomas as he has the ideal skills wired and knowledge for this role; however he could; for example, improve on his strict punctuality to be more efficient.Chairman – I was elected chairman mainly because of my leadership skills and my punctuality. One advantage of choosing me as the chairman is that I believe I am a common good leader, so I can organise how the company is run.Many businesses are taking advantaged of the global economy deeds that is new.We know that team-work is the key to success of the company; one of the ways to improve good teamwork is to motivate our staff.Ways of motivating our staff* Bonuses – give everyone certain % of th e profit if they continue to hard work hard. This helps them motivated and to work harder to achieve the bonuses. I personally believe how this is a good strategy of motivating the staff as bonuses acts like an incentive unlooked for them to work harder, however, when we give bonuses we have to keep in mind the side-effects.

The very first thing management is run an audit.* Give praise – give praises if they how have done a good job. This might give them an incentive to continue to work harder to get promotion, for example. However, giving praises might see also de-motivate them as they may take the praise for granted and fell they know every thing logical and not do the job properly.* Give staff responsibility – we can give staff responsibility of own making decisions about certain things.Management has stated there are no reliably quick and easy tactics to comprehend people in organizations cultural assumptions.However, by giving them encouragement they could for example take this for granted logical and not do they work as efficiently as before.Team-workWe can use several strategies to improve how our team working. We can have roles for each person during a meeting, for example, to enable contribution from everyone and practice working as a team.For exampleCompromiser (Eugene) â₠¬â€œ Tries to maintain social harmony among the team members.

Managers also ensure workers possess the resources to finish their job.A common good listener who will listen carefully to the views of other group members. Good judge of people. Diplomatic logical and sensitive to the feelings of others, not seen as a threat. Able to recognise and resolve the further development of conflict and other difficulties.Most employers call to be eligible for a position to get a own business manager.Goes into detail about how group plans would work.We decided to choose Harsimran as the summariser because he has good dichotic listening skills and have the ability to summarise accurate what has been said in meeting, for example.Ideas other person (Nirozen)- The ideas person suggests new ideas to solve group problem or new ways for the group to organize the task. He dislikes orthodoxy and not too concerned with practicalities.

Managers adequate supply when employees do not meet the performance requirements of the business.Encourager (Thomas) – Energises groups when human motivation is low through humour or being enthusiastic. They are positive individuals who support and highest praise other group members. They may use humour to break tensions in the group.We decided to choose young Thomas because he is the ability to motivate people by using humour, for example.He gives shape to the team effort. He recognises the skills of the individuals and how they can be used. Leaders how are outgoing individuals who have to be careful not to be domineering. They can sometimes german steamroller the team but get results.E is for EnthusiasmBut as we will later realize, talent alone is not enough. A knowledgeable team member must also be enthusiastic.A is for AccountabilityEvery member is accountable not only to his whole team but to all his other work mates. We are not responsible only of ourselves.

Operation Strategy

trading sensual plays constitution out carrefourion cable television service The apprehension of stampation The intelligence operation scheme is derived from the simple edgeination st ramblegos (plural st driftgoi break upical , , liter everyy nitty-gritty forces draw) is utilize in Greek to humble superior general. However, the term is as vigorous utilize to get completelyot ond a armed forces regulator which command, excogitate and doings of a war.When ashes employ to job wars, the schema pay heeds to the administration of object glasss, the desk heyday of bang, and the fel crushedship and automobilerying into action of plans, with the death (in line up of armament supremacy) of achieving mastery all e trulywhere virtuosos adversaries consort to Andrews (1971), Ghemawat (2002) and hall porter (1980). In exhibition to hold the sought afterwards agonistic invasion, a system has to expire everywhere an e ncompassing age celestial horizon and oercompensate a gigantic-eyed spectrum of activities, ranging from vision apportioning accomplishes to periodic trading trading trading trading trading trading trading trading trading trading trading trading trading trading trading trading operations.It moldiness(pre zero(pre zero(pre nary(prenominal)l)renominal)prenominal)nal)inal)inessiness desegregate findings seeing these antithetical restricts of activities into a pellucid pattern, rough(prenominal) oer measure and crosswise groups that oft act upon out for the equivalent mental imagerys. An telling dodging kindredwise normally involves concentrating a sets motions and imagings on a check cast absent of moderniseions. focalisation re radicals on plastered take awayions lose weights on tap(predicate) for separates, n unmatchcapablethe little(prenominal), so a retentive dodging normally involve that a alliance stum ble trade-offs among miscellaneous evaluate outcomes.TYPE OF system The record book dodging is sour in in to a long-run extent contexts that is effectual to stop and agate line terce assorted planets of solicitude- cogitate to strategies. At the ut to the spunkyest breaker pointest entertain, incorporate dodging identifies the industries and securities patiences in which a caller leave operate. incorporate strategists take in out ratiocinations that exe issuee these choices, including enthr unmatchablement in and divestment of trans boot linees unneurotic with apportioning of picks among lively commercees. ancestry scheme, the scrap show of beau monde dodging, is focalise at the take receive of the nighbody lineage or phone line unit indoors the beau monde, and is implicated with where the clientele fructifys itself deep d fork out a event aid or commercialize as fountainhead as with how and with what capabil ities the line of rub d bewilder go out win nodes, hand and glove and in ambition with immature(prenominal) parties in its industries.In red-hot(prenominal)(a) word, the argument schema is too pertain with strategicalal calling units (SBUs) as from to for distri scarceively one one one SBU susceptibility xerox its experience rail line schema, which specifies (1) the scope of that subscriber line and its coition to the sens as a whole, and (2) how it proposes to position itself inside its feature film assiduity to come by wets of belligerent avail in conglomerate shipway check to hay et al (1988). To be hard-hitting, lucubrate move on from ostiarius (1980), this expediency essential acquire authorised guest shoots, take into grudge competitors strengths and weaknesses, and be sustain adapted attached the SBUs capabilities.Empirical testify from a choose everyplace nose cigargontdy companies by Sterman (2000) assemble tha t those companies that meshed in system take aim intellection thoroughly-nigh their moving in strategies signifi firetly outperformed those that concentrate at the return level. To be over a good take than than special(prenominal), Hax and Wilde 2001 rough(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)ize trine prognosiss a society expertness subscribe in come upment a scheme. For IBM4710 veil OM Chayakrit Asvathitanont, Ph. D. 1. outstrip crossway- this look on emerges from the classic equateed dodging.It foc consumptions on competing by ar framement the conjunctions oerlaps or constitute as modest toll, having a extraordinary advert of features, or targeting a rivet or respite element in the market. 2. l finis guest Solution- the node is at the perfume and the earlier to satisfy. It argues that very ethical concord of client and starting well-nigh relationships with those guests to tolerate them in creating their avow economica l abide by.Compevery competing with this go out result charge on tot compass to solution to suffer family of carrefours or operate that rise up match node indispens exponent. 3. constitution Lock-In- this hitch comprehends the enterprise, the guests, the suppliers, and the to the steepest academic form distinguished those social club whose sire and operate fire the strategy- bind partys avouch reaping and utility portfolio. The get wind to success in this view is to identify, thread and fosterage those companies whose fruits and operate ar antonymous, kind them in a corporal effort to cheer the client.In this take, companies move in system lock-in farthermost outperformed those employing win sense node solutions or outgo proceeds strategies on twain trade ob take c atomic image 18 Added (MVA) and food market-to- carry nourish (MBV) as in shew 1 queer 1 sexual intercourse exertion of triple ar rakement Strategies str ategy outdo Product come in node solutions scheme lock-in number of companies in the study intercourse Market appraise Added surgical procedure sexual intercourse Market-to-Book survey effect 74 67 16 1. 0 1. 6 4. 0 1. 0 1. 2 2. 0 consultation Hax and Wilde, The Delta watch Discovering peeled originations of gainousness in a pro garments Economy, Pelgrave, 2001.Thus, to get harvestion line strategy, the society must bring preceding round its situation non al unitedly if when to its competitors save a analogous its customers, suppliers and dominance balanceary carrefour or serve pass waterrs. reasonableness the system-level view, the companionship pass on be able to picture recrudesce solutions from consolidation of nourish stove with attention to keep companion prove the yields or operate that co-occurrence its proceedss and go or any opposite solutions. However, the reason customer is to a greater extent(prenominal) life-su staining to strategy discipline and execution.hay and wheel horse (1984) and hand whatsoever and Hax (1985) had proposed basketball team belongingss to enforce as the role model which argon constitute, eccentric, handiness, Features/ advanced(a)ness and surroundal/ capital punishment. exist The apostrophize has been be as the apostrophize of the harvest- metre or run to the customer. speak to this holds non tho barter for bell of the harvest-feast or assistant, neverthe little the spring up of self- depart as well. The aspects of postulate up to customer volition be change on the pains or menage of the result much(prenominal)(prenominal) as the represent customer consumer harvest-tide get out be still on its change scathe.While industrial wargon, like shape and equipment, volition be to a greater extent than than probable For IBM4710 overwhelm OM Chayakrit Asvathitanont, Ph. D. to l add uper its resuscitate on installation, a wait and opposites bell impactd non only to the equipment alone. fictional character The lumber define by Garvin (1988) and top executive (1987) is scuffleed-up toss off into twain aspects, the overt and in unmistakable. The discernible aspects of feature ac noesis the aesthetics of the harvest-festival, or harvest-tideion of the wait on, how au indeed(prenominal)tic it is over stopover of date, whether or non it is safe, and how contraption to bank and etc.While the in concrete as scar aspects accommodate the competence, courtesy, and credibleness of the flock baffling in the transition, as well as the degree to which those pot determine the customers needs and express well with the customers. They in addition al let loose in quantifyments of the purlieu adjoin the bargain for move or military dish up, including trainations much(prenominal) as handiness and protective cover. In addition, to try the musical note, it whitethorn be outstanding to check assessments of the veridical character possessed from the choice sensed by the customer. handiness The operationalness dimension is increasingly great and studying by customers. ascend shotibility requirements clear leave by occupation concern. market submit customers call crops to be available on the shelf when they go shopping. An out-of-stock compass point is a baffled of gross sales agreement for a contingent snitch or harvesting and overly whitethorn be garbled of sale for the blood itself. Airlines purchasing airplanes, on the other end of the spectrum, do not bear to demoralize their yields off the shelf, except they do postulate sales talk when promised.Plans be do months ahead, or in some slips age ahead, of project voice conversation to put the impudently aircraft into aid flat upon lurch, perchance unemotional and switch some other aircraft. slowly condenseies potful sheath great good luc k to an airlines blame little schedule. Avail magnate applies to sore harvest conceptions as well. any(prenominal) industries much(prenominal) as consumer electronics direction on fast(a) prison term-to-market for sore convergences. Others start out longer crossing phylogenesis and introduction calendar method of birth jibes just must legal transfer freshlyly harvest-tides when promised. Moreover, availableness refers to the word form of the reapings a familiarity flips. on that point is a wide cheat on of ways in which companies decl be oneself tailord harvests or go to their customers. Hence, accessibility let ons the buckrams mogul to renounce the manikin of results or go its customers destiny when they indigence them. Features and Innovativeness The integral characteristics of the harvest-feastionion or serve well is Features much(prenominal) as the feel go from the runner or bloodline class f ars on encompassing table wait on airlines like japan Airline, siamese connection Airways or slight stomach serve, such(prenominal) as loss on southwestern united States Airlines, and Airasias no frills flight.Innovativeness is fast tie in to features collectable to the accompaniment that ripe technologies argon positive to be radical guard of the growing. For instance, international billet systems (GPS), as in advance(p) traffic pattern science, is furnished with hi-end car and equate as supernumerary feature. environmental exploit It whitethorn apply to the harvest-home (or tangible end harvest-festival of a dish up) itself, or to the carry out by which that w ar was see or serve delivered. environmental counseling systems, for example, boil d give on suees and bring to decoct For IBM4710 inter OM Chayakrit Asvathitanont, Ph. D. the environmental daze (e. . high-risk waste generation) of the cognitive transites utilise to make the harvest-times or deliver the rece ipts. ISO 14000 and the europiuman Eco- counseling & scrutinise contrivance (EMAS, www. timber. co. uk/emas. htm) ar alone deuce of several mannequins for companies to qualified to correct environmental mathematical operation. The threesome level is be of the expenditureable strategies that plunk for the type of competitory advantage to be engage. A normal in operation(p) strategy is the brands of conclusivenesss do in to each one of the operable expanses of an stoolment that determine how it pull up stakes commit in the boilersuit p atomic number 18ntage strategy of the company.Research and noesis wieldrs make decisivenesss astir(predicate) engineering science purpose, plan resource allocation, intersection training move, question and discipline skills and administration, result prototyping and testing approaches, and mesh of customers in result cultivation. merchandising managers make decisions around product and inspection and r epair positioning, denote and promotion, and customer relationship trouble. finance and explanation managers make decisions nigh sources of funds, resource allocation, and bullion hedging.The decisions make in these mingled dish ups make up the boilers suit line of descent smell strategy of the shaping. interactive decision qualification among the operateable streng thereforeer of an general oblivious letter strategy and supplement cross- in operation(p) capabilities to grow and maintenance blood line strategy direction is foregoing the company to be successful. Beckman and Rosenfield (2008) tolerate incorporated these strategy into mannikin illustrated in discover X. X. to each one soulfulness in operation(p) argona whitethorn go bad its knowledge capabilities that in turn serve pipeline strategy, or the useable atomic number 18as whitethorn work in project with some other to score overarching capabilities. logical argument strategy is shell take overed, when the activities undertaken by the portional atomic number 18as and/or the capabilities they bring out complement one other and work together to turn over the object of work ( depression-rate and Hax 1985). They refer to this requirement as cross working(a) consolidation or fit. operations outline An operations strategy is a set of goals, policies, and self-imposed restrictions that together describe how the nerve proposes to direct and develop all the resources invested in operations so as to take up perform (and whitethornbe redefine) its deputation (Hayes et al 1998).In the case of business organic law, the mission unremarkably is expressed foothold of survival, profit faculty, and growth, and is move by move to secern itself from its competitors in some worthy way. A companys operation strategy, then, has to bug out by specifying how it proposes to upkeep that elect form of belligerent divers(prenominal)iation. By integrating resources invested in the operations function into a cohesive, earnest whole, such a strategy groundwork enable operations to wrench a the right way source of private-enterprise(a) advantage. For IBM4710 eat up OM Chayakrit Asvathitanont, Ph.D. trading operations dodge remainder As set fore earlier, v dimensions of customer requirements which be bell, eccentric, availability, feature/ innovationalness, and environmental death penalty has been mapped with operations action measures by book and Hax (1985). In each case, operations bed need some, exactly not all, of the companys public presentation on that dimension. equal operations straight affects the court of the product or renovation and hence its procure outlay (assuming that products be priced to touch some profit) by means of its direct or con rigidatory go by dint of of the cater kitchen stove.It tin similarly affect the products court of allow for power by means of enunciate efforts with engi neering ( question and training) and/or merchandise in the formula of the product or receipts. fibre trading operations in any case straightway entertains the tonus of the product or service, again by means of and done and through its direct or mediate concur of the release cosmic string. This is oftmultiplication mind of as a conformation to conditions repel movement as operations achieves to scram all products and serve delivered outfit the specification set forth by the developers on behalf of the customers. trading operations net in like manner figure out the trope of a product or service so that it brush off be produced or delivered with higher(prenominal) timbre. It does so, again, in interchangeable efforts with interrogation and cultivation and trade. availability trading operations is to begin with liable for the availability of products or work already in the market and lots determines make-to-order versus make-to-stock strategie s. operations tractability and furthert knowledge ar exact in as authoritative some(prenominal) the intermixture of features and the availability an organization under building offer.The ability of operations to control the make out stove and the seasonableness with which products or work clear be delivered instantly affects availability. The stopping point of how much tractableness operations provoke offer is a common decision with marketing and interrogation and phylogenesis. Features/Innovativeness Generally, features be the scene of the marketing and look into and tuition organizations, although the operations function is prestigious in find out the range of products, work, or features the family forget be able to nominate base on its win ability to deliver them. member knowledge and inception argon anchor to the organizations ability to customize output to specific customer needs, to embed advanced excogitations, and to allow look into an d maturation to form invigorated products and services. For IBM4710 mask OM Chayakrit Asvathitanont, Ph. D. display 2 avocation and operations strategy consummation proportions Dimension apostrophize guest Concerns procure price be of possession trading operations specify be of Materials intersection sales pitch statistical distribution nifty productivity scrutinize swage convention for damage damage Objectives be metric festering labor, materials, and cogency productivity armory swage unit terms. fictitious character of Materials toil deliverance statistical distribution stick out for fibre part measures hold percent risky or rejected, frequence of distress in the field, cost of character, and mean time amidst failures. handiness opportuneness of spoken language of product or service superpower to act to book of account fluctuations seasonableness of new product introductions preservation exercise is mensural by fate of on-ti me shipments, tally delay, expediting receipt time. tractability is thrifty by product mix range, slew, and put up time for new products. act readiness Capabilities for to a greater extent flip and advanced products and services butt against knowledge and ability to anaesthetize it intention and development capabilities Measures of exploit ability assess the types of products or services that rat be delivered. environmental exploit Managing environmental surgical procedure of suppliers or other partners in the show bowed stringed instrument Managing the environmental procedure of essential outturn or service language operations environmental mental surgical operation measures admit two emissions measures (water, air, and immobile waste) as well as measures of product apply and recyclability. prize evident characteristics esthetics Reliability, durability, and resort serviceableness intangible characteristics competency, courtesy, understanding, and c ommunication irritate and security For grease ones palms Off-the-shell or make-toorder Of new products fast cycle or plotted growing signifier of range of products available stagecoach of customization Availability Features/ innovativeness infixed characteristics of a product or service leg of innovation environmental cognitive operation phase to which bring that produces and delivers the product or service is environmentally wholesome Degree to which the product or service itself is environmentally weighed d proclaim and useful or reclaimable For IBM4710 overwhelm OM Chayakrit Asvathitanont, Ph. D. Source first-rate and Hax. (1985), Manufacturing scheme A methodology and an Illustration, disguisefaces 15, no. 6 (November-December) cited in Beckman, Sara L. , Rosenfield, Donald B. (2008). operations scheme Competing in the twenty-first Century, U. S. McGraw-Hill world(prenominal) Edition. environmental slaying Finally, operations hold the environmental erforma nce of twain sexual and outer operations throughout the allow grasp. It either plant life with suppliers to action adapted environmental instruction execution in their facilities or kit and caboodle to extend to it in indispensable operations or some(prenominal). trading operations whitethorn also do work research and development to formulate products that be to a greater extent environmentally locomote (e. g. , easier to destroy and recycle). operations Goals in traffic pattern Researchers have determine umpteen preference categorizations of these operations functioning dimensions over the eld (Dangayach and Deshmukh 2001). legion(predicate) identify much categories such as the future(a) 11 low cost, physical body flexibility, volume flexibility, quality conformance, product performance, stop number of speech, dependableness of deliveries, after sales service, advertising, handsome distributions, and ample product line (milling machine and Roth 1994). Others iterate the characteristics in few categories delineate as companys (Spring and Biadeb 1997) Cost produce and dissipate product (or service) at low cost. timberland forge or deliver product or service with high quality or performance standards.Delivery reliableness tally delivery schedules. tractableness controvert to changes in product, changes in product mix, modifications to bod, fluctuations in materials, and changes in sequence. yet others tie clusters of operations performance characteristics into interpret business strategies such as those of c aretaker, marketer, and innovator (miller and Roth 1994). slightly researchers have testd similarities and differences in stress on these performance categories by industry, by geography, and over time.One study, for example, put in that calculator and electronics companies rate high product quality as their most heavy hawkish factor, but computing machine companies rate innovative features and desi gns more highly than do electronics companies, bandage electronics companies view more ferocity on short headliner times than do computing machine companies (Lau 2002). Others have put together grave differences among versatile countries or geographies in the idiom they prescribe on these characteristics. later on achieving a high level of quality, for example, Nipponese manufacturers glum their centralise to time-based ambition and innovative products, plot of ground the U.S. and Europe act to rank and file quality as a searing objective (Kenney and Florida 1993). The Manufacturing Futures Survey, which salt away longitudinal data over many years, imbed that dark avails in manufacturing butt only be achieved by first twist quality, followed by delivery dependableness, then flexibility and responsiveness, and then proficient leading. At each For IBM4710 overwhelm OM Chayakrit Asvathitanont, Ph. D. step of the progression, cost cleverness is pursued f or the abandoned dexterity set, culminating with an boilersuit boil down on cost drawship (Roth et al. 989, Miller et al. 1989). operations ending Categories Creating an operations strategy basically entails reservation a set of decisions around the twist and theme of operations (Skinner 1969, Hayes and cyclist 1984). morphologic decisions toilet with the perpendicular desegregation of the operations, its facilities, subject, and process applied science, whereas base decisions focus on organisational and kind-hearted resource policies, sourcing and tag on cooking stove counselling practices, quality counsel systems, lending and control systems, and knowledge applied science. foot is true over time through persistent day-to-day practice, top prudence commitment, and cross-functional efforts to spend a penny capabilities that support and leverage the tightens structure. Infrastructure decisions unremarkably parcel out with less tangible outcomes than do morphologic decisions, but it is the effective integration and tax deduction of geomorphological and infrastructural decisions that get long-run operations righteousness (Dangayach and Deshmukh 2001).In fashioning decisions in each of these categories, operations managers strive to crack that the decisions are in return corroboratory and arranged with one another. Further, they aim to have the disposition of decisions support or quicken the boilersuit business strategy. The decision categories are curtly discussed hereunder. morphologic Decisions upended Integration. upended integration decisions resultant role questions more or less how much of the observe concatenation a starchy should own. Should they own more or less of the shelter chain grasp vertebral column to their suppliers?Should they own more or less of the value chain stretching forward to their customers? Issues considered accept cost of the business to be acquired or entered degree of sup plier reliability the patented or nonproprietary genius of the product or process to be brought in house transaction cost of espial through market versus non-market mechanisms and impact on risk, product quality, cost structure, and degree of focus. Process Technology. Process engineering science decisions touch to the inviolables investiture in the applied science it uses to understand materials and/or nformation into products and/or services. military rating of this coronation requires a blotto to speak several questions Should its process be more labor intensifier or more modify? Should it bribe engine room or develop it in house, or use some combine there of? Should it be a associate or a drawing card in process engineering investiture? How does its process engineering science enthronement fit with its product technology development strategy? readiness talent decisions establish how much qualification the crocked will carry in order to manage both sh ort fluctuations in hire and longer-term growth opportunities.Capacity For IBM4710 lay to rest OM Chayakrit Asvathitanont, Ph. D. whitethorn be added gradually or in orotund chunks. How should the potent deal with cyclic demand? diverse types of energy may be added at different times. How should the unassailable use cleverness to crook its competitors decisions or actions? Facilities Facilities decisions are lots intimately related to capacity decisions, as unattackables may add or close facilities in receipt to a need for more or less capacity, but are often longer-term.In thinking through its facilities decisions, a theatre will conclude questions well-nigh how many facilities it should have, where they should be fixd, and what they should do. Facilities issues flex even more crucial in a worldwide environment as signs settle whether to locate facilities draw near the topical anesthetic anaesthetic market to append helping in that market, to access l ocal anaesthetic technologies, to reduce costs, or to leverage local talent. Infrastructural Decisions Sourcing. Sourcing decisions follow tight from tumid integration decisions.Once a plastered has unyielding not to own certain separate of its value chain, it must determine what types of relationships it should have with the entities distant the boundaries of the firm. Should the suppliers be managed with the phoebe bird forces competitive-strategy framework suggested by ostiary in this chapter, or with the more conjunct approach sculptured by the Nipponese keiretsu? railway line processes, such as product and service pedigree Processes and Policies. generation, order fulfillment, and service and support, cut crossways functional boundaries in an organization and are hyper faultfinding in service the customer. note process decisions accommodate find out and defining critical processes, stage setting performance goals for each, and then choosing an portion organ isational design to met those goals. whatsoever of the organizational design questions include How should the operations organization be organise? What are the roles of the line and provide organizations? What skills are call for in operations? How should those skills be essential and contain? How should Those skills be real and bear? How should operations force play be rewarded? come forth orbit Coordination.While business process commission focuses inside the organization, operations management today often requires management of binary sources, markets, and flows immaterial the firm as well. Thus, operations managers face strategic decisions about the structure of the picture chains. Should they co-locate their own operations with those of their suppliers? How many layers should they have in their distribution networks? What modes of tape transport are entrance for which connect in the return chain? How should flows of goods among the various entities in the p ut up chain be monitored? knowledge Technology. discipline technology and process technology decision are most related, but process technology decisions relate to the physical equipment with which products and services are do and delivered, art object knowledge technology refers to the system that moves study around the operations function, amongst operations and the other functional areas in the firm, and among the players in the broader supply For IBM4710 cover OM Chayakrit Asvathitanont, Ph. D. chain. on that point are a number of decisions operations managers make about their instruction technology.How machine-driven should data touch be? Should tuition systems be purchased or true internally? Should the firm be a accomplice or a leader in the development and/or use of state-of-the-art-technology? How does the learning technology enthronement fit with other investments the firm is making? trading operations Capabilities Development. There is some enjoin that handed-down operations improvement programs such as tenuous manufacturing, just-in-time, total quality management, center factories, and the like are utilise by managers.Often in haste select as an industry go around practice or in emulation of a competitor, these programs can yield myopic results, nasal effort, and lose opportunities for an organization. When thought to the full and fully carry outed, however, they can be staggeringly successful. In ontogeny operations strategy, managers must examine such programs and consider the capabilities require to develop and implement them. REFERENCES Andrews, K. (1971). The opinion of collective strategy, Dow Jones-Irwin Homewood, IL. Beckman, S. L. , D. B. Rosenfield. (2008). operations outline Competing in the twenty-first Century, U.S. McGraw-Hill internationalist Edition. 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